While it is true, that Caroline Neuber banned the character of "Hanswurst", a famous German fool, in the 1730s, it however happened during their engagements in Hamburg, not in Leipzig, as shown in the movie.
Earlier in the movie Johann Christoph Gottsched introduced his new tragedy "The dying Cato", which sets the scene in 1731. During his lecture Gotthold Eprahim Lessing is seeing as a student. In 1731 Lessing was 2 years old and lived Kamenz and didn't become a student in Leipzig until 1746.
The Russian field Marshall announced that Ernst Johann von Biron is arrested in the name of the new Czaress. However the successor of Czaress Anna was Czar Ivan VI, who, since was only a few months old, was at that time represented by his mother Anna Leopoldovna, who was the new regent but was not holding the title of Czaress. She was titled as "Grand Duchess".
The play in which "Hanswurst" is judged and was officially called "Der alte und der neue Geschmack" (The old and the new taste) was released in Leipzig in 1737, not in 1741, as shown in the movie.
Lessing's "Emilia Galotti" was first released in 1772, 12 years after Caroline Neuber's death. Furthermore, the first Lessing play that was played by Neuber was "The young Scholar" in 1748.
Baron Armin von Perckhammer mentioned that there is war in Turkey. The scene is set in 1740, while the last Turkish war ended in 1739 between Russia and Austria against Turkey. And the next Turkish war didn't began until 1768.
Ernst Johann von Biron was introduced as regent of Russia. He was only holding this position October and November 1740 after the death of Czaress Anna in October 1740. In the movie however she was alive (her sickness was mentioned) and von Biron was her secretary.
Caroline Neuber performed in Weisenfels for the Dutchess only in 1717, at the beginning of her career, However in the movie it is set in 1740 (shown by the appearance of Ernst Johann von Biron, introduced as Russia's regent). At that time Neuber was performing in Hamburg.
At the beginning of the movie, set around 1731, "Hanswurst" Joseph Ferdinand Müller is shown as an old man, around 60 years old. However the real Müller was around 31, when this scene took place.