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1-11 of 11
- Prince Albert was born on 26 August 1819 in Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German Confederation [now Bavaria, Germany]. He was a writer, known for Queen Victoria's Letters: A Monarch Unveiled (2014), Queen Victoria's Empire (2001) and The Windsors: A Royal Family (1994). He was married to Queen Victoria. He died on 14 December 1861 in Windsor, Berkshire, England, UK.
- Lola Montez, born Maria Dolores Eliza Rosanna Gilbert in 1821, was an Irish adventuress and "Spanish" dancer who achieved international notoriety through her liaison with King Louis I (Ludwig I) of Bavaria. Elizabeth ("Eliza") Gilbert spent much of her girlhood in India but was educated in Scotland and England. At age 17 she eloped with Lieutenant Thomas James; the couple separated five years later, and in 1843 Gilbert launched a career as the dancer Lola Montez. During her travels and performances she reputedly formed liaisons with Franz Liszt and Alexandre Dumas, among many others. In 1846 Montez danced in Munich, and Louis I of Bavaria was so struck by her beauty that he offered her a castle. She accepted, became Baroness Rosenthal and Countess of Lansfeld, and remained as his mistress. From 1851 to 1853 Montez performed in the United States. Her third marriage, to Patrick P. Hull of San Francisco in 1853, ended in divorce soon after she moved to Grass Valley, California. There, among other amusements, she coached young Lotta Crabtree in singing and dancing. Montez settled in New York City after an unsuccessful tour of Australia (1855-56) and gathered a following as a lecturer on such topics as fashion, gallantry, and beautiful women. An apparently genuine religious conversion led her to take up various personal philanthropies. Montez published Anecdotes of Love; Being a True Account of the Most Remarkable Events Connected with the History of Love; in All Ages and among All Nations (1858), The Arts of Beauty, or, Secrets of a Lady's Toilet with Hints to Gentlemen on the Art of Fascination (1858), and Lectures of Lola Montez, Including Her Autobiography (1858). The international notoriety of her heyday persisted long after her death and inspired numerous literary and balletic allusions. By 1860, Lola Montez was showing the tertiary effects of syphilis and her body began to waste away. She died at the age of 39 on 17 January 1861. She is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, where her tombstone states: "Mrs. Eliza Gilbert / Died 17 January 1861".
- Ippolito Nievo was born on 30 November 1831 in Padua, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire [now Veneto, Italy]. He was a writer, known for La pisana (1960). He died on 4 March 1861 in at sea, off Italy.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Taras Shevchenko was born on 9 March 1814 in Moryntsi, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire [now Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine]. He was a writer, known for Nazar Stodolya (1955), Toloka (2020) and Nazar Stodolya (1937). He died on 10 March 1861 in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire [now Russia].- Duchess of Kent and Strathearn was born on 17 August 1786 in Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Holy Roman Empire [now Bavaria, Germany]. She was a writer, known for Queen Victoria's Letters: A Monarch Unveiled (2014), Network First (1994) and Kings and Queens (2002). She was married to Duke of Kent and Strathearn Prince Edward and Prince Emich Carl of Leiningen. She died on 16 March 1861 in Windsor, Berkshire, England, UK.
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Ernst Anschütz was born on 28 October 1780 in Goldlauter, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire [now Suhl, Thuringia, Germany]. He is known for Iron Man 3 (2013), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011) and Adam (2009). He died on 18 December 1861 in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony [now Saxony, Germany].- Writer
- Soundtrack
Henri Murger was born on 27 March 1822 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for La Bohème (1926), The Bohemian Life (1992) and La Bohème (2010). He died on 28 January 1861 in Paris, France.- Nathaniel Lyon was the first Union general to be killed in the American Civil War. He is noted for his actions in Missouri in 1861, at the beginning of the conflict, to forestall secret secessionist plans of the governor Claiborne Jackson. He had fought in the Second Seminole War in Florida and the Mexican-American War. After being assigned to Kansas, where many residents were divided about slavery and the Union, he developed strong pro-Union views. In February 1861, Lyon was made commander of the Union arsenal in St. Louis, Missouri (another divided state). Suspicious of governor Claiborne, who was working with Jefferson Davis on a secret plan for secession, Lyon forced the surrender of the pro-Confederate militia. Some civilians rioted and Lyon's troops fired into the crowd, which came to be known as the Camp Jackson Affair. Lyon was promoted brigadier-general and given command of Union troops in Missouri. He was killed at the Battle of Wilson's Creek, while trying to rally his outnumbered soldiers. Despite his passing during the first year of the war, Lyon's efforts prevented the State of Missouri from joining the Confederacy.
- Elisha Otis was born on 3 August 1811 in Halifax, Vermont, U.S.A. He died on 8 April 1861 in Yonkers, New York, USA.
- Writer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Heinrich Marschner was born on 16 August 1795 in Zittau, Saxony, Germany. Heinrich was a writer, known for In the Shadow of the Moon (2019), The Vampyr: A Soap Opera (1992) and De houtdief (1960). Heinrich died on 14 December 1861 in Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany.- Writer
- Soundtrack
Augustin Eugene Scribe was the first-- and certainly the most prolific-- French dramatist/librettist of the European popular theatre. He was born in Paris on Christmas eve 1791 to a prosperous silk merchant, who was determined for his son to pursue a career in law. Scribe's interests were drawn to the theatre and he began writing plays in his teens. He was undaunted by his first effort, "Le Prétendu sans le savoir" failing miserably at the Paris Varieties in 1910 and was determined to find some mechanical plot formula that would appeal to the Franco middle class across all theatrical genres: comedies, dramas, operas and tragedies.
He hit on the idea of having a seemingly simple misunderstanding drive tight plots, events often snowballing into near catastrophic effect with his characters (more often than not, the modern French bourgeoisie) having to run a gauntlet of obstacles in hopes of avoiding embarrassment or earning redemption. His plots often began simply enough, but quickly became a series of clever twists and turns, and his audiences loved watching those beyond their social caste brought down several pegs, with spiraling plot twists leading to an explosive climax just before the final curtain. Scribe's plot formulas worked well across all the genres and he welcomed collaboration with numerous playwrights (most notably 'Ernest Legouvé') as a means to expand his wealth and influence. He also welcomed writers capable of transforming his voluminous amount of earlier works into other forms, primarily operas. He created a think tank plot factory that employed writers assigned to various aspects of a particular play working within his mechanical plot parameters: story, dialogue, writing comic lines for individual characters, grinding out hundreds of works. Often he discovered one of his writers had inadvertently stolen jokes from others and it became something of a badge of honor for another playwright to receive compensation for a "Scribe." Most of the time these playwrights would be oblivious of the plagiarism. At his peak, Scribe was a combination Gilbert & Sullivan, Henry Ford and Milton Berle. A small number of his collaborative works were adapted to Broadway as early as 1855. Among his most successful plays, "Adrienne Lecouvreur" remains popular, both in it's original form as a tragedy and as the basis for the 1902 operatic adaption "Adriana Lecouvreur," which has been produced several times for French and Italian audiences. It was filmed by MGM in 1928 as Dream of Love (1928) as a silent starring Joan Crawford. His generosity toward collaborators seldom extended to theatrical producers (in Europe of the day, this was usually the owner of the venue itself), as he was well aware of his importance in French theatre and placed hefty financial demands on producers, whom he held in low regard throughout his lifetime. He died in Paris at age 69.